" The goal of this chapter is to help readers weigh the factors
related to deciding whether to pursue a terminal degree, as well
as to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the decision-making
process as it related to pursuing doctoral education. "
Tomorrow's Professor Msg.#545 DECIDING IF AND HOW TO PURSUE DOCTORAL
WORK
Folks:
The posting below gives some good advice for those students interested
in pursuing a Ph.D. It is from Chapter 2: Deciding If and How to
Pursue Doctoral Work by Tim Wilson, Nelson Soto and Jami Joyner
in Journey to the Ph.D.: How to Navigate the Process as African
Americans. Edited by Anna L. Green & LeKita V. Scott. Published
in 2003 by Stylus Publishing, LLC, 22883 Quicksilver Drive Sterling,
Virginia 20166. Copyright © 2003 by Stylus Publishing, LLC
Reprinted with permission.
Regards,
Rick Reis
reis@stanford.edu
UP NEXT: Building a Better Conversation About Learning
Tomorrow's Graduate Students and Postdocs
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DECIDING IF AND HOW TO PURSUE DOCTORAL WORK
Introduction
We have heard many people talk about their experiences as doctoral
students. These individuals have spoken about the coursework, research
and other assistantship experiences, publishing, and the inevitable
job search. What we have not heard a lot of is the conversation
about how to get into a doctoral program. What should prospective
students be thinking about? How should one finance graduate school?
How do you write these ... personal statements?
Because every journey starts with a single step, we have decided
to focus on the first one-deciding if and how to pursue doctoral
work. The goal of this chapter is to help readers weigh the factors
related to deciding whether to pursue a terminal degree, as well
as to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the decision-making
process as it related to pursuing doctoral education.
Why Pursue a Doctoral Degree?
As current students, we can attest to the fact that pursing a doctoral
degree is hard work. Grasping the information you are exposed to
is not that hard part (although statistics courses can be a challenge).
The challenge lies in balancing coursework, assistantship, and other
personal responsibilities. With that being said, why would anyone
want to pursue a doctoral degree?
There are a few reasons as to why a doctoral degree is beneficial.
First, many agencies are increasing in size and complexity. Institutions
of higher education are an example of this. These institutions require
increased expertise in administrations and governance. The need
for greater expertise requires advanced training, which can be obtained
by earning a doctoral degree in higher education or college student
personnel.
The desire for career advancement is another reason why people
pursue doctoral degrees. Using higher education again as an example,
Townsend and Weise's 1991 study on national survey of 1,100 randomly
selected, senior-level administrators reveals that 47 percent of
the respondents hiring a chief student affairs officer preferred
candidates with a doctorate in higher education, as opposed to a
terminal degree in another academic field. A final reason for pursuing
a terminal degree is the desire to conduct research and/or teach.
The doctoral degree trains you to be a scholar and researcher in
your chosen field. (Jerrard & Jerrard, 1998).
Questions to Consider
Before you fill out your first application form, you will need
to consider some fundamental questions about pursuing a doctoral
degree. These questions are not mean to scare you off-they are designed
to get you to consider how your pursuit of a terminal degree will
impact other areas of your life.
Why Do I Need a Doctoral Degree?
This is a simple, yet fundamental question. We have already listed
three reasons as to why a doctoral degree is beneficial, but you
must decide why you want a doctoral degree. Is your career advancement
dependent on more education? If so, is the doctorate the right degree
for you to pursue, or would a master's or specialist's degree accomplish
the same objective?
Are you considering a return to school because it is the only thing
you want to do, or are you going to school because it is the only
thing you know how to do. People who have gone to school nonstop
know what we mean; or is someone living vicariously though you?
If you are considering a terminal degree because being a student
is the only think you know how to do or because someone else is
living vicariously though you, then we strongly urge you to reevaluate
you decision to return to school. In many ways, pursuing a terminal
degree is a solitary endeavor, requiring a certain degree of selfishness.
If your heart is not in it, then do not pursue the terminal degree.
Full-Time versus Part-Time
The authors are all full-time students and therefore, we can take
advantage of internship and assistantship opportunities. We can
take a full load of classes every semester allowing us to complete
degree programs within four years. Our life circumstances have allowed
us to be full-time students, so we have decided to take advantage
of this.
Not everyone can afford to take a break from work in order to pursue
a degree. Some people have student loan debt from their undergraduate
and/or master's program to pay off, while others need to pay off
the mortgage and/or credit cards. People already working at colleges
or universities may want to take advantage of their institution's
tuition reimbursement program, where the university pays a certain
portion of a full-time employee's tuition. There are also some people
who simply do not want to rush through their doctoral programs and
prefer the idea of being a part-time student.
While part-time students take longer to finish their degree programs,
they do not necessarily have to endure a pay cut, nor do they have
to incur as much debt as full-time students. Taking less than a
full load of courses may also be less taxing on part-time students
(assuming your full-time job is not very hectic).
Whether you decide to pursue doctoral work full-time or part-time,
it is important to weight the pros and cons. The decision you make
regarding this basis, yet important, issue will set the tone for
many other factors to consider, such as the impact on family members
and relocation.
Family Obligations
When Tim was eight years old, his father retired from the Army
after nearly thirty years of service and decided to go back to school.
When this decision was made, Tim and his older brother were both
enrolled in Catholic elementary and high schools, while their oldest
brother was attending a state university. Fortunately, Tim's mother
was working full-time as a registered nurse and his father had his
retirement income, so money was not as big an issue as it could
have been.
While the money situation was taken care of, there were other considerations.
How would Mr. Wilson's full-time student status impact his children
who were still living at home? How would Mr. Wilson's student status
impact Mrs. Wilson? Would Mr. Wilson be able to balance being a
full-time student with being a husband and a father? These are the
types of questions Mr. and Mrs. Wilson had to address. Your questions
may not involve a significant other or children. You may have to
consider the impact your schooling may have on extended family or
parents that you may be responsible for. As was the case with deciding
whether to be a full- or part-time student, it is important for
you to weigh the pros and cons and conduct yourself accordingly.
Relocation
As a perspective student, you may not be willing or able to commute
to the school of your choice. You must then decide whether you are
willing to relocate. This decision might be a little easier if your
intentions are to be a full-time student. But if you already have
a good job, you may be more hesitant.
If you are willing to relocate, it is a good idea to develop a
set of criteria that your new community must have in order for you
to move there. We strongly caution you not to attend a school without
considering the community in which is it located. You will have
enough stress related to school and you will need to find positive
outlets in order to maintain your sanity. If school is stressing
you out and you do not like the community, you will have a very
difficult time finishing your degree.
When Tim was going through the application process, he made it
a point to fly out to each campus and explore its surrounding community.
While this can be very expensive and time consuming, Tim found it
be worthwhile-mainly because he had lived in areas that were not
always user-friendly for people of color. You must develop your
own set of characteristics that a new community must have in order
for you to live there-for example, churches, community centers,
and barbershops and hair salons. Developing such a list is a worthwhile
exercise because it will not only help you evaluate a surrounding
community, but it can also help you evaluate the awareness level
of various campus personnel.
Our Unsolicited Advice to You
It has been said that hindsight is 20/20. In the spirit of looking
in the proverbial rearview mirror, we offer the following (unsolicited)
advice.
* Decide early on, what it will take for an institution to earn
the honor of having you enroll as a student. This is an important
step because the criteria you develop will set the tone for your
entire search process. Once you come up with a set of criteria,
stick to it.
* Determine how you want to pay for your education. This idea is
connected to the first idea in that one of your criteria for selecting
a school may very well be the financial package they offer you.
If you know you want to minimize loans as much as possible, then
you will probably want to gravitate toward the school offering more
grants, fellowships, and tuition waivers.
* Decide on your dissertation topic early. This may not always
be possible, but it can be an advantage if you know the topic of
dissertation research from the start. Knowing you area of research
will enable you to better evaluate prospective faculty and also
allow you to direct some of your course assignments (e.g., term
papers) toward your dissertation. This will make life a lot easier
when it is time to write your dissertation.
* Have an idea of the types of experiences you would like to have
as a doctoral student. This is important because the experiences
you have as a doctoral student can prepare you for success once
you graduate. Thus, in order to develop ideas about the experiences
you want to have, think about what you would ultimately like to
do once you have earned your degree, and then think about the experiences
you will need to have as a student in order to reach your ultimate
objective.
* Have a clear understanding of why you are pursuing a doctoral
degree. This is important because pursuing a doctoral degree is
a serious endeavor. There will be times when the only thing that
gets you through the process is knowing why you are in school in
the first place and what the ultimate payoff for you will be. If
you are not sure about why you want to pursue a doctoral degree,
you might be better off waiting until you have a better understanding
of why you want to go back to school.
* Carefully weight the pros and cons of all factors of your decision-making
process. We know this seems like common sense, but it is worth repeating,
especially if your decisions will affect people other than yourself
(e.g., significant others, extended family members, children).
* Stick to your guns, but be willing to be flexible too. When it
comes time for you to make a final decision as to where you will
pursue your terminal degree, you may have to make some compromises,
such as taking on more debt than you want to or having to lose status
because you will be a student as opposed to a full-time employee.
As long as you know what you are and are not willing to do, this
should not pose much of a problem for you.
* Talk to currently enrolled students. As a rule of thumb, currently
enrolled students can provide of wealth of information for prospective
students. Make sure you speak with currently enrolled students,
as they will answer the questions that faculty may not be able (or
willing) to answer. However, remember that neither students not
faculty have all of the answers-you will have to base your decision
on input from both constituencies.
* Start the process early. We cannot stress this enough-if you
are working full-time, this becomes even more important as writing
drafts of your personal statements, filling out applications, and
visiting campuses is a time-consuming venture. The sooner you start,
the less stress you will feel as you move through the process.
Conclusion
Doctoral study can be a wonderful experience in regard to personal
and professional development. In order to get to this point, you
will need to do the preliminary work necessary to lay a foundation
for the good experiences that are available to you. Part of the
preliminary work lies in investigating prospective graduate programs
and evaluating them based upon your needs. We hope this chapter
helps you begin the process.
References
Jerrard, R., & Jerrard, M. (1998). The grad school handbook:
An
insider's guide to getting in and succeeding. New York: Perigee
Books.
Townshend, B., & Weise, M.D. (1991). The higher education doctorate
as a passport to higher education administration. New Directions
for
Higher Education, 76, 5-13. San Francisco: Josey Bass.
Tim Wilson
Hometown: Fairfield, California
Current Institution: University of Missouri at Columbia
Department: Education Leadership and Policy Analysis
Personal Philosophy: Seek the truth in that which you oppose and
the
error in that which you espouse-the truth is somewhere in the middle.
-Robert J. Nash
Nelson Soto
Hometown: Lorain, Ohio
Current Institution: Indiana University
Department: Education Leadership and Policy Studies
Personal Philosophy: Frederick Douglass taught that literacy is
the
path from slavery to freedom. There are many kinds of slavery and
many kinds of freedom. But reading is still the path. -Carl Sagan
Jami Joyner
Hometown: Edmond, Oklahoma
Current Institution: University of Missouri at Columbia
Department: Education Leadership and Policy Analysis
Personal Philosophy: Faith without works is dead. -James 2:26
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